The article was published on the web BRNO Daily – 25th June, 2020.
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The gender pay gap in the Czech Republic remains over 20% and is one of the highest in the EU. There is a similar picture in South Moravia. Men’s wages have even managed to grow at a faster rate than women’s over the last few years. What is more, almost half of the Czechs questioned in a survey take it for granted that women will earn less for work of the same value.
Wages increased significantly over the ten-year period 2010-2019; now only 15.83% of the workforce earn less than 20 000 CZK/month, whereas in 2009 it was nearly 40%. At the other end of the scale, over 50% fall in the 30-60 000 CZK/month bracket, but 10 years earlier only 22% did so. However, despite this rapid increase, the gap in wages between men and women has remained remarkably constant; in 2010 the average hourly wage for women was 21.6% less than men and in 2018 it was 20.1 after hovering around 22.5% in most of the interim period. According to Eurostat figures, this shows that the Czech Republic has the third biggest gender pay gap (GPG) in Europe, behind Estonia (22.7%) and Germany (20.9), which is way above the EU average of 14.8%. Image by Eurostat.
A report on the South Moravian region shows a similar picture. Between 2011 and 2018 the median wage for men had grown by 41.1% and that for women by only 38.1%. This resulted in a GPG in the South Moravia Region of 21% in the business sphere, but only 11.1% in the non-business sphere. This difference between the business and non-business sphere is even more marked as women get older. In the 20-29 age group the gender gap in the median wage in the business sphere is 14.9% and peaks for the 40-49 age group at 25.5%. Even in the non-business this age group earns 19.2% less than their male counterparts. The median wage for women in our region in the business sphere was 767 CZK below the Czech average and the region in 7th place. The smallest GPG in the business sphere was in the South Bohemia region (16.3%) and the largest in the Moravian-Silesian region (23.8%). The GPG for total wages (business and non-business) for 2018 was 15.5%. This was a decrease over 5 years from 2013 of 0.7%.
The Czech Statistical Office has produced a detailed breakdown of the wage structure for 2019. It shows that whatever the level of education the GPG is still significant. 35% of the workforce passed the Maturita school leaving exam and 24% went on to get a bachelor’s degree and higher education. And in these categories, there is a fairly even split between the numbers of men and women, both genders are also paid for a similar number of hours, around 173. However, when it comes to wages there is a large differential: the median monthly wage of women with Maturita (29,591 CZK) is 17% less than that of men (35,653 CZK). The figures for people with post-secondary education and bachelor’s degree are 33,833 CZK and 42,731 CZK (21% less) and higher education 41,134 CZK and 51,123 CZK (20% less) respectively.
When considering different sectors there is more variation but, in all cases, women earn less than men. The biggest gap, where women earn just over 21% less than their male colleagues, is found among managers and, craft and related trades, whereas the smallest gap (6.7%) is found among service and sales workers. This category and that with the second smallest GPG (clerical support workers) are the only occupations where significantly more women are employed than men.
From these various reports it is clear that there is a significant GPG in the Czech Republic and the South Moravian Region of over 20% in the business sector and that it has only reduced slightly in the last few years, despite many initiatives and reports. The European Commission suggests four reasons for this:
- Women are over-represented in low paying sectors such as care and education.
- Women spend fewer hours in paid work and more in unpaid work.
- The glass ceiling – there are more men in higher paid positions.
- Discrimination – although it is illegal women are paid less than men for doing work of equal value
However, the figures above do not fully support the first three reasons. Firstly, when you look at the breakdown by sector there is a significant GPG, even where the number of male and female employees are fairly close; secondly, in most sectors the number of hours worked by men (174.1) and women (172.5) are not significant enough to explain the difference and thirdly, although there is undoubtedly a glass ceiling, comparing median salaries tends to reduce the effect of this, and in any case the difference affects mid-range salary bands as well. This leaves as an explanation at best a form passive institutional discrimination in the way wage structures operate, and at worst outright illegal discrimination. Lenka Simerska from the Labour and Social Affairs Ministry who is working on a campaign for equal pay, interviewed on Czech Radio, admits that women are sometimes paid less than men for equal work and “that (this) is downright discrimination because in such cases women perform the same tasks within the same salary-bracket category and they still earn less.” She puts this down to women being less sure of themselves and assertive. She also agrees that employers often pay less due to the perception that women will want to be at home with their children.
Perhaps the most significant influence on the GPG is that it is accepted as the way things are. Last year a survey conducted by the Ministry of Labour found that 49% of Czechs ‘take it for granted that women in the Czech Republic simply do not have the chance to earn as much as men in the same position, with the same responsibility’.
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SOURCE:
BRNO Daily, author Charles du Parc
